Ancient trade routes young living israel cooperative. Article citation database or nal catalog of usdas national agricultural library entrez. In the hebrew language it is referred to as balsamom. The resinoids of these exudates were prepared in ethyl acetate and ethyl alcohol. Enjoy unrestricted access to all content and features, including.
Commiphora species, myrrh gum, somalimyrrhe commiphora myrrha. Commiphora gileadensis is a tree in the burseraceae family, cultivated widely in hadhramaut governorate. Chemical composition and monoterpenoid enantiomeric. Commiphora gileadensis, commiphora opobalsamum balm of gilead, mecca myrrh commiphora humbertii. Commiphora meccanensis small evergreen tree of africa and asia. Balm of gilead, or balm of mecca, is the myrrhlike resin from commiphora gileadensis of the. Ecological studies of commiphora genus myrrha in makkah region. The genus contains approximately 190 species of shrubs and trees, which are distributed throughout the sub tropical regions of africa, the western indian ocean islands, the arabian peninsula, india, and vietnam. Engl balsam of gilead, mecca myrrh, balm of gilead, balsam tree, mecca balsam. Recently, several studies have reported on its antiproliferative effect in cancer cell lines. Tnpsc group 4 questions and answers in tamil pdf hot. Commiphora meccanensis synonyms, commiphora meccanensis pronunciation, commiphora meccanensis translation, english dictionary definition of commiphora meccanensis. About europe pmc funders joining europe pmc governance roadmap outreach. There are approximately 185 species, distributed predominantly in arid tropical regions of africa and madagascar.
Commiphora myrrha and commiphora africana essential oils. Amyris gileadensis l amyris opobalsamum l balsamea stocksiana engl balsamodendrum ehrenbergianum o. Jericho, ein feshka, ein gedi, ein boqeq zohar, zoar, and a couple of plantations close to the river jordan. In contrast, when under stress the plant will shut down and lose all its leaves. This area is believed to have been famed throughout the middle east and beyond in ancient times especially for producing healing ointments, balms and oils. Commiphora myrrha definition of commiphora myrrha by the. Myrrh or resin of commiphora plants commiphora gileadensis. Ncbis search engine for pubmed citations, genbank sequences, etc. Commiphora is a shrub or small tree indigenous to desert areas of north africa and the red sea shores of saudi arabia. Commiphora species, myrrh gum, somalimyrrhe commiphora. Commiphora myrrha synonyms, commiphora myrrha pronunciation, commiphora myrrha translation, english dictionary definition of commiphora myrrha.
First complete chloroplast genomics and comparative phylogenetic. The plant list includes 323 scientific plant names of species rank for the genus commiphora. In ein gedis botanical gardens, the plants were grown in the field in sandy soil and drip irrigated with tap. Resin collecting is an important part of the economy in ethiopia and. Its aromatic sap is thought to be the historical balm of judea, produced in eingedi and jericho during the second temple, roman and byzantine eras hepper and taylor, 2004, iluz et al. It is found in somalia and yemen and now in israel, growing in a well drained soil with little to some water water and lots of sun. Ancient trade routes young living israel cooperative balm. Gileadensis is probably a reference to the mountainous region in todays northwestern jordan, east of the jordan river. Commiphora gileadensis, commiphora opobalsamum family. An commiphora in nahilalakip ha familia nga burseraceae ilarom nga taxa. Evidencebased complementary and alternative medicine. Mansfelds world databas of agricultural and horticultural crops. Antimicrobial activity of essential oil and methanol.
Commiphora myrrha tree of eastern africa and asia yielding myrrh myrrh tree incense tree any of various tropical trees of the family burseraceae. Commiphora myrrha is a member of family burseraceae, known locally as morr hijazi or myrrh and commercially as arabian myrrh or karam. Pdf commiphora gileadensis is a plant that was cultivated in ancient times in the land of israel, particularly in the oases of the dead sea basin. Antimicrobial activity of commiphora myrrha against some. Myrrh absolute is a finer strong odor based liquid used as excellent skincare and body care constituent. The gileadensis tree was cultivated in at least six locations prior to the roman conquest. This soon hardens, and has a sweet smell that quickly evaporates. It grows up to 3m in height and has tough, knotted branches and spinetipped twigs sparsely covered. The bark of the balsam tree is cut to cause the sap to flow out. Plant extracts have been used for a wide variety of purposes for thousands of years jones, 1996.
Commiphora meccanensis definition of commiphora meccanensis. Commiphora in the germplasm resources information network grin, u. Plant resins with antimicrobial potential have been summarized, the resin of commiphora species were included. Commiphora myrrha and commiphora africana essential oils article pdf available in journal of chemical and pharmaceutical research 67. The plant list includes a further 23 scientific plant names of infraspecific rank for the genus commiphora. Commiphora gileadensis, commiphora opobalsamum, balm of. Pdf traditional use of ethnomedicinal native plants in. The genus commiphora burseraceae includes over 150 species of trees and shrubs, distributed mostly in east africa, arabia and india 1. Please note that this is a trial program and may end.
Outer bark silvery, whitish or bluish grey, peeling in large or small papery flakes from the greener underbark. The comminphora myrrha tree produces a type of aromatic resin known as myrrh mur higazy, commiphora africana tree produce gum resin known in sudan as gafal resin. Other common names for the plant include balm of gilead and mecca myrrh, but this is due to historical confusion between several plants and the historically important expensive perfumes and. Commiphora myrrha holmes, balsamodendron myrrha, gum myrrh tree, commiphora resin, guggal gum or resin order. The aim of the current study was to investigate the cytotoxic action of c. Is a selective apoptosis inducer for tumor cell lines. Comparative study of hypolipidemic profile of resinoids of. Other articles where commiphora opobalsamum is discussed. The comminphora myrrha tree produces a type of aromatic resin known as myrrh mur higazy,commiphora africana tree produce gum resin known in sudan as gafal resin. There are no related plants for species commiphora gileadensis. Commiphora meccanensis synonyms, commiphora meccanensis. Although it is possible, it requires a well conditioned plant to become. Commiphora gileadensis article about commiphora gileadensis.
Commiphora gileadensis relates to the balm of gilead, which was used for its fragrance as well as healing properties. Balm of gilead, or balm of mecca, is the myrrhlike resin from commiphora gileadensis of the arabian peninsula. Lighter in colour when compared with resinoid, it helps in fining cure for bronchitis, dysmenorrhea, chapped skin, gums, hemorrhoids, halitosis, itching and others. The flowers are white to cream coloured, and the is is possible to propagate it from cuttings.
Your purchase of them helps us propagate and distribute these amazing and historically significant trees. Synonyms for commiphora meccanensis in free thesaurus. The university of minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer. Medicinal properties of commiphora gileadensis pdf. This member of the burseraceae family was given this name by carl frederik albert christensen in 1922. Pdf commiphora gileadensis is a tree in the burseraceae family, cultivated widely in hadhramaut governorate yemen and known locally as besham or. Field study showed that commiphora gileadensis and c. Native to saudi arabia, it has a few small, reddish or white flowers.
Commiphora gileadensis is instantly recognisable by the pleasant smell given out when a twig is broken or a leaf crushed. Unfortunately the plant has become endangered because of its slow growth rate, poor seed germination rate and excessive and. Commiphora gileadensis cg, also known as commiphora opobalsamum, is an aromatic, mediumsized evergreen shrub that grows in east africa and arabia. Today the tree is known as commiphora gileadensis or gileadensis for short. Commiphora albiflora engl commiphora ancistrophora chiov commiphora anfractuosa chiov commiphora cassan chiov commiphora coronillifolia chiov commiphora gillettii chiov commiphora microcarpa chiov commiphora. Commiphora gileadensis, the arabian balsam tree, is a shrub species in the genus commiphora growing in saudi arabia, yemen, southern oman, sudan and in southeast egypt where it may have been introduced. Commiphora gileadensis sap extract induces cell cycle. Usda, ars, germplasm resources information network. The genus of the myrrhs, commiphora, is the most speciesrich genus of flowering plants in the frankincense and myrrh family, burseraceae. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Electronic plant information centre of royal botanic gardens, kew.
Balsamus meccanensis, balsamus theophrasti, commiphora opobalsamum balm of gilead is a deciduous shrub or tree. Maakt het mogelijk om pdfbestanden samen te voegen met een simpele draganddrop interface. Commiphora myrrha is a sturdy, spiny, glabrous shrub or small tree, usually with a distinct short trunk up to 4 m tall. A case study of center for environmental science, addis ababa university, p abstract the present paper stipulated phytogeography, ecological ranges, possible origin and migratory route of commiphora jacq. Habit dioecious rarely monoecious shrubs or trees, often spiny. The balm of gilead or opobalsam is yielded by commiphora gileadensis, a nonspiny shrub of dry country in southern arabia and said to have been cultivated by solomon at engedi near the dead sea song of sol. Other common names for the plant include balm of gilead and mecca myrrh, but this is due to historical confusion between several plants and the.
The diversity within the genus makes it difficult to give a general accurate description and single out defining features. Pdf commiphora myrrha and commiphora africana essential oils. The stem will eventualy grow up to 40 centimetres in diameter, the whole bush up to five metres. Check other web resources for commiphora gileadensis l.
Commiphora gileadensis is an aromatic plant traditionally used in the middle east as a common remedy for pain and inflammation. Traditional use of ethnomedicinal native plants in the kingdom of saudi arabia. E plants originated from the chelsea physic garden, 66 royal hospital road, chelsea, london, uk. Pubmedcaryophyllene, a compound isolated from the biblical balm of gilead commiphora gileadensis, is a selective apoptosis inducer for tumor cell lines. Evidencebased complementary and alternative medicine hindawi. Do not try to use bottom heat with artificial light to activate the plant. The results obtained from ethanolbased extracts and from essential oils indicated that. These are primarily included because names of species rank. Commiphora gileadensis in the germplasm resources information network grin, u. All grow naturally or are cultivated in arid areas, from ethiopia to india, with other species that produce resins. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page.
Aromatic exudations from species of commiphora trees and shrubs of the incense tree family burseraceae may also be referred to as balms. The biblical balm of gilead commiphora gileadensis was investigated in this study for anticancerous activity against tumor cell lines. Yet, scientific evidence regarding the other properties of c. Access is allocated within two business days of purchase and lasts one year. Commiphora, myrrha, is a pantropical genus and perform. Department of agriculture agricultural research service. Our pdf merger allows you to quickly combine multiple pdf files into one single pdf document, in just a few clicks.
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